Green Chemistry

The foundation of everything P2

The top 10 chemicals used today were created over 50 years ago. At P2 Science, we are reinventing the way chemicals are made, based on the fundamentals of green chemistry.

12 Principles of Green Chemistry

​These principles are a framework for designing safer, more sustainable products and processes. Each principle offers a way to reduce waste, conserve resources, and minimize environmental impact, without sacrificing performance. While each principle should be considered in product and process design, not every principle will apply to every innovation.​

Green Chemistry experts and P2 Science co-founders, Paul Anastas and Patrick Foley, provide a short and insightful overview of each principle.

Meet the Experts

Paul Anastas, PhD

Co-founder & Advisor

Co-Founder and Advisor to P2 Science, is the Teresa and H. John Heinz III Professor in the Practice of Chemistry for the Environment at Yale University, and Director of the Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. For the 2025-2026 academic year, he is leading the Moore Foundation’s Green Chemistry initiative. He served appointments at the US EPA, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the ACS Green Chemistry Institute. Anastas received his Ph.D. from Brandeis University. He is credited with establishing the field of green chemistry and has published widely on these topics including Designing Safer Polymers and his seminal work with co-author John Warner, Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice.

Patrick Foley, PhD

Co-founder & President

Patrick Foley is President and Co-Founder of P2 Science, where he has invented, patented, and commercialized multiple platform technologies in renewable and sustainable chemistry, with more than 100 granted patents to date. Patrick currently leads the R&D Team for P2 where he is actively developing the innovation pipeline, leading joint development projects with customers, and leading P2’s partnership with the Matter Lab at the University of Toronto.

Building a new kind chemical company

From Day 1, P2 Science has built its platform, products, and manufacturing site on the principles of green chemistry. Using renewable feedstocks, waste-free reactions, and a “light industrial manufacturing” model, we produce products that are safe for people and the planet.

Citropol® is Green Chemistry

Citropol® is our flagship product family for beauty and personal care. Explore how Citropol® is green chemistry in this infographic download.

Welcome to Green Chemistry

The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are a design framework that any company involved in chemical synthesis can incorporate.

Join P2 Science co-founders Paul Anastas and Patrick Foley to kick off this series discussing the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.

Waste-Free Design

Principle 1: Prevention

Design processes from the outset to minimize waste production rather than treating waste after it’s made.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® production uses high-yield, low-waste synthesis nearly all feedstock is converted into product.

Every Atom Counts

Principle 2: Atom Economy

Design processes to incorporate the maximum amount of starting material into the final product.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® processes have high atom economy, with most inputs becoming finished product, and any residual monomer is recycled into the process as a feedstock.

Gentle by Design

Principle 3: Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses

Use and generate substances with minimal hazard to people and the environment.

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® is made via safe, solvent-free processes without hazardous by-products.

Safe for People & Planet

Principle 4: Design for Safer Chemicals

Create and use chemicals that are effective while minimizing toxicity in reactions and final goods.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® polymeric emollients are bio-based, biodegradable, and biocompatible.

Solvent-Free Production

Principle 5: Safer Solvents & Auxiliaries

Minimize or eliminate use of auxiliary substances like solvents when possible in reactions to reduce waste. If solvents are necessary, it is a goodd practice to choose safer, recyclable, and/or less toxic substances.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® is produced catalytically without hazardous organic solvents, minimizing waste and unwanted residuals.

Low-Energy Process

Principle 6: Energy Efficiency

Intentionally design processes to minimize energy requirements and usage.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® manufacturing operates at low temperatures and pressures, reducing carbon footprint.

Powered by Plants

Principle 7: Use Renewable Feedstocks

Raw materials should be renewable rather than depleting whenever possible.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® is derived from upcycled terpenes extracted from by-product of the pulp and paper industry, from FSC-certified forests.

Streamlined Chemistry

Principle 8: Reduce Derivatives

Avoid unnecessary modification steps that require reagents and generate waste.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® synthesis avoids protecting/deprotecting steps, reducing chemical and energy inputs.

Smart Catalytic Power

Principle 9: Catalysis

Use catalytic reagents over stoichiometric ones for efficiency and selectivity.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

The use of catalysts in a  structured reactor enables efficient conversion of terpenes of Citropol® polymers with minimal waste and energy use.

Naturally Biodegradable

Principle 10: Design for Degradation

Chemicals should break down into harmless substances after use.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® ingredients are biodegradable and return safely to natural cycles.

Precision Quality Control

Principle 11: Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention

Monitor processes in real time to prevent hazardous by-products.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Continuous monitoring during Citropol® manufacturing ensures safety and quality without waste.

Safe from Start to Finish

Principle 12: Inherently Safer Chemistry

Minimize risks of accidents such as leaks, explosions, and fires.

 

How does P2 implement this principle?

Citropol® is made in a low-hazard, low-pressure process with inherently safe materials.